Rio nach London alte Silbermünze Olympische Spiele Flagge 2012 Brasilien Logo 2024 Paris USA
EUR 7,01 1 Gebot 3d 7h 36m 6s, EUR 6,95 Versand, 30-Tag Rücknahmen, eBay-Käuferschutz
Verkäufer: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (33.702) 99.8%,
Artikelstandort: Take a Look at My Other Items, GB,
Versand nach: WORLDWIDE,
Artikelnummer: 315290067359
Rio nach London alte Silbermünze Olympische Spiele Flagge 2012 Brasilien Logo 2024 Paris USA.
2012 Summer Olympics Games of the XXX Olympiad Four abstract shapes placed in a quadrant formation spelling out "2012". The word "London" is written in the shape representing the "2", while the Olympic rings are placed in the shape representing the "0". Emblem of the 2012 Summer Olympics; other colour variants are shown below Host city London, United Kingdom Motto Inspire a Generation Nations 204 (including IOA team) Athletes 10,768 (5,992 men, 4,776 women) Events 302 in 26 sports (39 disciplines) Opening 27 July 2012 Closing 12 August 2012 Opened by Queen Elizabeth II[1] Cauldron Callum Airlie Jordan Duckitt Desirèe Henry Katie Kirk Cameron MacRitchie Aidan Reynolds Adelle Tracey[1] Austin Playfoot (relight)[2] Stadium Olympic Stadium at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Summer ← Beijing 2008Rio 2016 → Winter ← Vancouver 2010Sochi 2014 → 2012 Summer Paralympics Olympic rings Part of a series on 2012 Summer Olympics Bid process (bid details, legacy) Development (venues, torch relay, security) Marketing (mascots) Broadcasters Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Event calendar Chronological summary Medal table (medallists) World and Olympic records Concerns and controversies (minute of silence) Closing ceremony (flag bearers) Paralympics (medal table) IOCBOALOCOG vte The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad[3] and also known as London 2012) were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July.[4][5] 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the 2012 Olympics.[6] Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and the then-London mayor Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore on 6 July 2005, defeating bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid, and Paris.[7] London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times,[8][9] having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and 1948.[10][11] Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability.[12] The main focus was a new 200-hectare (490-acre) Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site in Stratford, East London.[13] The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid.[14] The United States topped the medal table, winning the most gold medals (46) and the highest number of medals overall (104). China finished second with a total of 91 medals (38 gold) and Great Britain came third with 65 medals overall (29 gold). Michael Phelps of the United States became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.[15] Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, meaning that every currently eligible country has now sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games.[16] Women's boxing was included for the first time, and the 2012 Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors.[17][18][19] The Games received considerable praise for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm commended particularly highly.[20][21][22] The opening ceremony, directed by Academy Award winner Danny Boyle, received widespread acclaim.[23][24] These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Belgian Jacques Rogge, who was succeeded by German Thomas Bach the next year. A number of countries won their first Olympic medals, Bahrain, Botswana, Cyprus, Gabon, Grenada, Guatemala and Montenegro, with Bahrain and Grenada's winning gold medals for their first Olympic medals. Bidding process Main article: Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics London was chosen over Birmingham to represent Great Britain’s bid by the British Olympic Association. By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics: Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro.[25] On 18 May 2004, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, the IOC reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris.[26] All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.[27] Lord Coe, chairman of the LOCOG Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin.[28] Its position began to improve after the appointment of Lord Coe as the new chair of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) on 19 May 2004.[29] In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris.[30] On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations.[31] On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less."[32] On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to 50.[33] The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by bombings on London's transport system less than 24 hours after the announcement.[34] 2012 host city election – ballot results City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 London Great Britain 22 27 39 54 Paris France 21 25 33 50 Madrid Spain 20 32 31 — New York City United States 19 17 — — Moscow Russia 15 — — — Total ballots 97 101 103 104 Development and preparation Main article: 2012 Summer Olympic development The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005.[35] The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), established in April 2006, was in charge of construction of the venues and infrastructure.[35][36] The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focused on oversight of the Games, cross-programme management, and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and after the Games that would benefit London and the wider United Kingdom. The organisation was also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding.[37] In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London, following the 2011 England riots.[38] Some countries expressed safety concerns,[39] despite the IOC's assurance that the riots would not affect the Games.[40] The IOC's Coordination Commission for the 2012 Games completed its tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. Its members concluded that "London is ready to host the world this summer".[41] Venues Main article: Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portland in Dorset hosted the sailing events The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games used a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. After the Games, some of the new facilities would be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated.[42] The majority of venues were divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition there were a few venues that, by necessity, were outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy some 125 mi (201 km) southwest of London, which hosted the sailing events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK.[43] Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in Eton Manor was pulled down.[44] The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011.[45] In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed.[46] The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest.[47] The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required compulsory purchase orders of property. The London Development Agency was in dispute with London and Continental Railways about the orders in November 2005. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction.[48] Residents who opposed the eviction tried to find ways to stop it by setting up campaigns, but they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started.[49] Aerial view of the Olympic Park in April 2012 There were some issues with the original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. Both the Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations.[50][51] The Olympic marathon course, which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London.[52] North Greenwich Arena 2 was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, Wembley Arena being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead.[53][54][55][56] Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships or as a specially created event held under the banner of London Prepares.[57] Team GB House was the British Olympic Association's operational HQ up to and during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Designed by architects Gebler Tooth on the top floor of an office building in Westfield Stratford City, it combined the team HQ, athletes' "Friends and Family" lounge, Press Centre, and VIP lounge. Public transport The Olympic Javelin service ran between St Pancras and Ebbsfleet, via Stratford London's public transport scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation; however, it felt that, if the improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope.[58] Transport for London (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the introduction of a new "Javelin" high-speed rail service.[59] According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day.[60] During the Games, Stratford International station was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games),[61] westbound trains did not stop at Hackney Wick railway station,[62] and Pudding Mill Lane DLR station closed entirely during the Games.[63] The Emirates Air Line crosses the River Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks TfL also built a £25 million cable car across the River Thames, called the Emirates Air Line, to link 2012 Olympics venues.[64] It was inaugurated in June 2012 and crosses the Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour, cutting journey times between the O2 arena and the ExCeL exhibition centre and providing a crossing every 30 seconds.[65] The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event[66] and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event.[67] The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour.[68] In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport.[67] Two park-and-ride sites off the M25 with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in Ebbsfleet with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service.[67] To get spectators to Eton Dorney, four park-and-ride schemes were set up.[69] These Park and Ride services were operated by First Games Transport.[70] Olympic rings marked on a street, indicating that the lane is reserved for the use of Olympic athletes and staff TfL defined a network of roads leading between venues as the Olympic Route Network; roads connecting all of the Olympic venues located within London. Many of these roads also contained special "Olympic lanes" marked with the Olympic rings—reserved for the use of Olympic athletes, officials, and other VIPs during the Games. Members of the public driving in an Olympic lane were subject to a fine of £130. Additionally, London buses would not include roads with Olympic lanes on their routes.[71][72][73] The painting of Olympic lane indicators in mid-July led to confusion from commuters, who wrongly believed that the Olympic lane restrictions had already taken effect (they were to take effect on 27 July). The A4 experienced traffic jams due to drivers avoiding the Olympic lane, and likewise on a section of Southampton Row, where the only lanes available in one direction were the Olympic lane and the bus lane.[74] Concerns were expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London. In particular, the sailing events at Portland had no direct motorway connections, and local roads are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer.[75] However, a £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011.[76][77] Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements.[78] TfL created a promotional campaign and website, Get Ahead of the Games, to help provide information related to transport during the Olympics and Paralympics. Through the campaign, TfL also encouraged the use of cycling as a mode of transport during the Games.[79] However, despite this encouragement to use bicycles, members of the public protested that riding bikes on London roads would be more dangerous due to the blocked Olympic lanes, and also protested against a decision to close the Lea Valley towpath during the Olympics and Paralympics due to security concerns.[73] International transport The 2012 Games were a unique operational task and a massive challenge for Heathrow airport.[citation needed] A temporary terminal was created at Heathrow Airport to be used by 10,100 departing athletes after the Games. Up to 35% more bags than normal were expected on 13 August, which was predicted to be the busiest day in the airport's history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic and Paralympic planning at Heathrow.[citation needed] Cost and financing A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 amounted to US$15 billion, compared with $4.6 billion for Rio 2016, $40–44 billion for Beijing 2008, and $51 billion for Sochi 2014 (the most expensive Olympics in history). London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion. Cost per athlete was $1.4 million.[80] This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often equal or exceed the sports-related costs. The costs of staging the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and infrastructure were largely financed using public money. According to The Wall Street Journal, the original budget for the Games was increased to about £9.3 billion (US$15.28 billion) in 2007.[81] The revised figures were announced to the House of Commons on 15 March 2007 by Tessa Jowell. Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was: Building the venues and infrastructure – £5.3 billion Elite sport and Paralympic funding – £400 million Security and policing – £600 million Regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley – £1.7 billion Contingency fund – £2.7 billion Volunteers Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games.[82] A target of 70,000 volunteers was set as early as 2004.[83] When recruitment took place in 2010, over 240,000 applications were received.[84] Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them".[85] The volunteers wore clothing which included purple and red polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, grey socks and grey-and-white trainers which they collected from the Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre. Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges which were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media which gained them access to specific venues and buildings around the site. Ticketing Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games,[86] and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games.[86] LOCOG aimed to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There were also free events such as marathon, triathlon and road cycling,[87] although, for the first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed.[88] Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold.[89] Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country.[90] In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of the Tickets For Troops scheme,[91] as well as to survivors and families of those who died during 7 July 2005 London bombings.[92] Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with a demand of over three times the number of tickets available. The process was widely criticised as more than 50% of the sessions went to a random ballot,[93] and over half the people who applied got no tickets.[94] On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets went on sale over a 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011.[95] About 1.7 million tickets were available for football and 600,000 for other sports, including archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball. Although technical difficulties were encountered, ten sports had sold out by 8 am of the first day.[96] Countdown The Countdown Clock in Trafalgar Square During the closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, the Olympic Flag was formally handed over from the Mayor of Beijing to the Mayor of London. This was followed by a section highlighting London,[97] One month later, the Olympic and Paralympic flags were raised outside the London City Hall.[98] A countdown clock in Trafalgar Square was unveiled, 500 days before the Games.[99] The clock broke down the following day,[100] but was later fixed. It was a two-sided clock with the Paralympic countdown on the other side. The countdown to the start of the Olympics began with a ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame in Olympia, Greece.[101] Security Main article: Security for the 2012 Summer Olympics See also: Controversies surrounding G4S The police led the security operation, with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the armed forces. Naval and air assets, including ships situated in the Thames, Typhoon fighter jets and surface-to-air missiles, were deployed as part of the security operation, named Operation Olympics by the Ministry of Defence;[102] the biggest security operation Britain had faced for decades. The cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, and the figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel was more than Britain currently had deployed in Afghanistan.[103] The Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a Royal Navy Lynx helicopter.[104] The Ministry of Defence distributed leaflets to residents of the Lexington building in Bow, announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower.[105][106] This caused concern to some residents.[105][106] The Ministry said it probably would use Starstreak missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place.[105][106] Medals Medals of the London 2012 Olympics Approximately 4,700[107] Olympic and Paralympic medals were produced by the Royal Mint at Llantrisant.[108] They were designed by David Watkins (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics).[109] 99% of the gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in Salt Lake County, Utah in the U.S.[110] The remaining 1% came from a Mongolian mine.[111] Each medal weighs 375–400 g (13.2–14.1 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 7 mm (0.28 in) thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim.[112] The obverse, as is traditional, features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the Panathinaiko Stadium that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the River Thames and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together".[113] The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage.[112] Each gold medal is 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with the remainder copper. The silver medal is 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper. The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc, and 0.5 per cent tin.[114] The value of the materials in the gold medal was about £410 (US$644), the silver about £210 (US$330), and the bronze about £3 (US$4.71) as of 30 July 2012.[115] Torch relay Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay The torch relay in Newport, Isle of Wight The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011.[116] The torch was designed by Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby. On 18 May 2012 the Olympic flame arrived at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall from Greece[117] on flight BA2012, operated by a British Airways Airbus A319 named "Firefly". The relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, and involved some 8,000 people carrying the torch about 8,000 mi (12,875 km), starting from Land's End in Cornwall.[118] The torch had three days outside the United Kingdom when it visited the Isle of Man on 2 June, Dublin in Ireland, on 6 June,[119] and both Guernsey and Jersey on 15 July. The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events.[120] Dumfries and Galloway was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium. These torchbearers were Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, Desiree Henry, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds, and Adelle Tracey. Together the torchbearers each lit a petal which spread the fire to the 204 petals of the cauldron, representing the countries that participated in the Games.[121] The cauldron was designed by Thomas Heatherwick. Environmental policy The Olympic Park was planned to incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks were enhanced as part of the process.[122] Renewable energy also featured at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, only 9% of it was achieved.[123] Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and hydroelectric generators in the River Thames. These plans were scrapped for safety reasons.[124] The focus subsequently moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste. Food packaging at the Olympics was made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics – where it cannot be reused or recycled. This included fast-food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they had been used, many of these materials were suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy.[125] Buildings like the Water Polo Arena were, post-event, relocated elsewhere. Building parts like roofing covers and membranes of different temporary venues were recycled via Vinyloop. This allowed organisers to meet the standards of the Olympic Delivery Authority concerning environmental protection. London 2012 inaugurated Olympic Games guidelines that included the recycling of PVC, which was used for temporary buildings such as the Basketball Arena and for the temporary parts of permanent venues such as the Olympic Stadium.[126] In the Water Polo Arena, PVC roofing was made from recycled cushions to provide insulation.[127] Through this recycling process, the Olympic Games PVC Policy was fulfilled. It says that Where London 2012 procures PVC for temporary usage or where permanent usage is not assured, London 2012 is required to ensure that there is a take-back scheme that offers a closed-loop reuse system or mechanical recycling system for post-consumer waste. "The majority of temporary facilities created for the Olympic Games including the Aquatic centre temporary stands, basketball arena, Water Polo Arena, and the shooting facilities at the Royal Artillery Barracks, are essentially big tents. Basically, PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by the public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions. We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme" said Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for the London 2012 Olympic Park.[128] Cultural Olympiad Tower Bridge was illuminated with the Olympic Rings in the week leading up to the opening ceremony. Main article: 2012 Cultural Olympiad The Olympic Charter, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that LOCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open.[129] The Cultural Olympiad comprised many programmes, with over 500 events spread over four years across the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the London 2012 Festival.[130][131] Opening ceremony Main articles: 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations Fireworks at the opening ceremony The opening ceremony officially began at 9:00 pm British Summer Time (UTC+1) on 27 July in the Olympic Stadium and was called "Isles of Wonder".[132] Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle was its artistic director, with music direction by Rick Smith of Underworld.[133] The Games were officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[134] It was the second Olympic Games opened personally by the Queen, the first being in 1976 in Montreal. The ceremony included a short comic film starring Daniel Craig as secret agent James Bond and the Queen as herself,[135] and another starring Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean. Live musical performers included Frank Turner, Dame Evelyn Glennie, Mike Oldfield, the London Symphony Orchestra, Dizzee Rascal, Arctic Monkeys, and Sir Paul McCartney who performed "Hey Jude" as the closing act.[136][137] The ceremony transmitted live on BBC One attracted a peak viewing audience of over 27 million in the UK.[138] Closing ceremony Main articles: 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony and 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers The closing ceremony was held on 12 August. It featured a flashback fiesta to British music with The Who closing the performance. The ceremony also included a handover of the Olympic flag by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, to Eduardo Paes, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, the host city of the 2016 Summer Olympics.[139] The Games Participating National Olympic Committees Number of participating athletes by country 300+ 100–299 30–99 10–29 4–9 1–3 Participating countries: Green = Had previously participated; Grey = Participating for first time; Yellow circle is host city (London) Around 10,700 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) took part,[6] (85 countries acquired at least one medal: gold, silver or bronze)[140] surpassing the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester as the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the United Kingdom.[141] Three athletes from the Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which the IOC Executive Committee had ceased to recognise at the IOC session of July 2011, and one athlete from South Sudan which had no recognized NOC until 2015, participated independently under the Olympic flag.[142] Participating National Olympic Committees Afghanistan (6) Albania (12) Algeria (42) American Samoa (5) Andorra (6) Angola (34) Antigua and Barbuda (5) Argentina (137) Armenia (25) Aruba (4) Australia (410) Austria (70) Azerbaijan (53) Bahamas (24) Bahrain (12) Bangladesh (5) Barbados (6) Belarus (165) Belgium (115) Belize (3) Benin (5) Bermuda (8) Bhutan (2) Bolivia (6) Bosnia and Herzegovina (6) Botswana (4) Brazil (258) British Virgin Islands (2) Brunei (3) Bulgaria (63) Burkina Faso (5) Burundi (6) Cambodia (6) Cameroon (33) Canada (277) Cape Verde (3) Cayman Islands (5) Central African Republic (6) Chad (3) Chile (35) China (396) Colombia (104) Comoros (3) Republic of the Congo (7) Democratic Republic of the Congo (4) Cook Islands (8) Costa Rica (11) Croatia (108) Cuba (110) Cyprus (13) Czech Republic (133) Denmark (113) Djibouti (6) Dominica (2) Dominican Republic (35) Ecuador (36) Egypt (113) El Salvador (10) Equatorial Guinea (2) Eritrea (12) Estonia (33) Ethiopia (35) Fiji (9) Finland (55) France (330) Gabon (24) The Gambia (2) Georgia (35) Germany (392) Ghana (9) Great Britain (541) (host) Greece (104) Grenada (10) Guam (8) Guatemala (19) Guinea (4) Guinea-Bissau (4) Guyana (6) Haiti (5) Honduras (27) Hong Kong (42) Hungary (157) Iceland (27) Independent Olympic Athletes (4) India (83) Indonesia (22) Iran (53) Iraq (8) Ireland (66) Israel (37)[143] Italy (285) Ivory Coast (10) Jamaica (50) Japan (293) Jordan (9) Kazakhstan (114) Kenya (47) Kiribati (3) North Korea (51) South Korea (248) Kuwait (11)[144] Kyrgyzstan (14) Laos (3) Latvia (46) Lebanon (10) Lesotho (4) Liberia (4) Libya (5) Liechtenstein (3) Lithuania (62) Luxembourg (9) Macedonia (4) Madagascar (7) Malawi (3) Malaysia (30) Maldives (5) Mali (6) Malta (5) Marshall Islands (4) Mauritania (2) Mauritius (11) Mexico (102) Federated States of Micronesia (6) Moldova (22) Monaco (6) Mongolia (29) Montenegro (33) Morocco (67) Mozambique (6) Myanmar (6) Namibia (9) Nauru (2) Nepal (5) Netherlands (175) New Zealand (184) Nicaragua (6) Niger (6) Nigeria (55) Norway (64) Oman (4) Pakistan (21) Palau (5) Palestine (5) Panama (7) Papua New Guinea (8) Paraguay (8) Peru (16) Philippines (11) Poland (218) Portugal (77) Puerto Rico (25) Qatar (12) Romania (103) Russia (436) Rwanda (7) Saint Kitts and Nevis (7) Saint Lucia (4) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (3) Samoa (8) San Marino (4) São Tomé and Príncipe (2) Saudi Arabia (19) Senegal (31) Serbia (116) Seychelles (6) Sierra Leone (2) Singapore (23) Slovakia (47) Slovenia (65) Solomon Islands (4) Somalia (2) South Africa (125) Spain (282) Sri Lanka (7) Sudan (6) Suriname (5) Swaziland (3) Sweden (134) Switzerland (102) Syria (10) Chinese Taipei (44) Tajikistan (16) Tanzania (7) Thailand (37) Timor-Leste (2) Togo (6) Tonga (3) Trinidad and Tobago (30) Tunisia (83) Turkey (114) Turkmenistan (10) Tuvalu (3) Uganda (16) Ukraine (237) United Arab Emirates (26) United States (530) Uruguay (29) Uzbekistan (54) Vanuatu (5) Venezuela (70) Vietnam (18) Virgin Islands (7) Yemen (4) Zambia (7) Zimbabwe (7) Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee 10,768 athletes from 204 NOCs IOC Country Athletes National houses The Holland Heineken House, the Dutch home in Alexandra Palace. During the Games, some countries and continents had a "national house". These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout London.[145][146] Nation Location Name Sports The 2012 Summer Olympics featured 26 different sports encompassing 39 disciplines and 302 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. 2012 Summer Olympics Sports Programme Aquatics Diving (8) Swimming (34) Synchronized swimming (2) Water polo (2) Archery (4) Athletics (47) Badminton (5) Basketball (2) Boxing (13) Canoeing Sprint (12) Slalom (4) Cycling (competitors) BMX (2) Mountain biking (2) Road (4) Track (10) Equestrian Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2) Fencing (10) Field hockey (2) Football (2) Gymnastics Artistic (14) Rhythmic (2) Trampoline (2) Handball (2) Judo (14) Modern pentathlon (2) Rowing (14) Sailing (10) Shooting (15) Table tennis (4) Taekwondo (8) Tennis (5) Triathlon (2) Volleyball Volleyball (2) Beach volleyball (2) Weightlifting (15) Wrestling Freestyle (11) Greco-Roman (7) Women's boxing was included in the programme for the first time, and 36 women competed in three weight classes. There was a special dispensation for the shooting events, which would otherwise have been illegal under UK gun law.[147][148] In tennis, mixed doubles returned to the Olympic programme for the first time since 1924.[149] London's bid featured the same 28 sports that had been included in other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the 2012 Games just two days after London had been selected as the host city. There was an appeal, but the IOC voted to uphold the decision, and the two sports were scheduled to be discontinued after their last appearance at the 2008 Olympics.[150] The IOC then voted on whether or not to replace them; karate, squash, golf, roller sports and rugby sevens were considered. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.[150] Although formal demonstration sports were eliminated after the 1992 Summer Olympics,[151] special tournaments for non-Olympic sports can be run during the Games, such as the Wushu tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics.[152] There were attempts to run Twenty20 cricket[152] and netball[153] tournaments alongside the 2012 Games, but neither campaign was successful. Calendar See also: Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics The final official schedule was released on 15 February 2011.[154] All times and dates use British Summer Time (UTC+1) OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony July/August 2012 July August Events 25th Wed 26th Thu 27th Fri 28th Sat 29th Sun 30th Mon 31st Tue 1st Wed 2nd Thu 3rd Fri 4th Sat 5th Sun 6th Mon 7th Tue 8th Wed 9th Thu 10th Fri 11th Sat 12th Sun Olympic Rings Icon.svg Ceremonies OC CC — Aquatics Diving pictogram.svg Diving 1 1 1 1 ● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 46 Open water swimming pictogram.svg Marathon swimming 1 1 Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Synchronized swimming pictogram.svg Synchronized swimming ● ● 1 ● 1 Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 Archery pictogram.svg Archery ● 1 1 ● ● ● 1 1 4 Athletics pictogram.svg Athletics 2 6 6 5 4 4 5 6 8 1 47 Badminton pictogram.svg Badminton ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2 2 5 Basketball pictogram.svg Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 3 ● 5 5 13 Canoeing Canoeing (slalom) pictogram.svg Slalom ● ● 1 1 2 16 Canoeing (flatwater) pictogram.svg Sprint ● ● 4 4 ● 4 Cycling Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Road cycling 1 1 2 18 Cycling (track) pictogram.svg Track cycling 2 2 1 1 1 3 Cycling (BMX) pictogram.svg BMX ● ● 2 Cycling (mountain biking) pictogram.svg Mountain biking 1 1 Equestrian pictogram.svg Equestrian ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 1 1 1 1 6 Fencing pictogram.svg Fencing 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 10 Field hockey pictogram.svg Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Football pictogram.svg Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 2 Gymnastics Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Artistic ● ● 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 18 Gymnastics (rhythmic) pictogram.svg Rhythmic ● ● 1 1 Gymnastics (trampoline) pictogram.svg Trampolining 1 1 Handball pictogram.svg Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 Judo pictogram.svg Judo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon 1 1 2 Rowing pictogram.svg Rowing ● ● ● ● 3 3 4 4 14 Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2 2 1 2 1 10 Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 15 Table tennis pictogram.svg Table tennis ● ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● ● ● 1 1 4 Taekwondo pictogram.svg Taekwondo 2 2 2 2 8 Tennis pictogram.svg Tennis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 3 5 Triathlon pictogram.svg Triathlon 1 1 2 Volleyball Volleyball (beach) pictogram.svg Beach volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 4 Volleyball (indoor) pictogram.svg Indoor volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 15 Wrestling pictogram.svg Wrestling 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 18 Daily medal events 12 14 12 15 20 18 22 25 23 18 21 16 22 17 32 15 302 Cumulative total 12 26 38 53 73 91 113 138 161 179 200 216 238 255 287 302 July/August 2012 25th Wed 26th Thu 27th Fri 28th Sat 29th Sun 30th Mon 31st Tue 1st Wed 2nd Thu 3rd Fri 4th Sat 5th Sun 6th Mon 7th Tue 8th Wed 9th Thu 10th Fri 11th Sat 12th Sun Total events July August Records Mo Farah (left) with Usain Bolt (right), demonstrating one another's famous gestures (the "Lightning Bolt" and "Mobot") Main article: World and Olympic records set at the 2012 Summer Olympics These Olympic Games resulted in 32 world records in eight sports. The largest number of records were set in swimming, at eight. China, Great Britain and the United States set the most records, at five each. Medal table Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics medal table Further information: List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners A total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) won medals, 54 of those countries winning at least one gold medal. Bahrain (a gold medal),[155][156] Botswana,[157] Cyprus,[158] Gabon,[159] Grenada (a gold medal),[160] Guatemala,[161] and Montenegro[162] won their first ever Olympic medals. The United States finished at the top of the table winning 47 gold medals, and a total of 104 medals. China finished second with 38 gold medals and 91 medals overall and hosts Great Britain came in third place winning 29 gold medals and 65 medals overall in their best performance since London hosted its first Summer Olympics in 1908, pushing Russia, who won 19 gold medals and 67 overall medals after doping redistributions (initially 24 gold and 82 total), into fourth place. * Host nation (Great Britain) 2012 Summer Olympics medal table[163] Rank NOC Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 United Statesdouble-dagger 47 27 30 104 2 Chinadouble-dagger 39 31 22 92 3 Great Britain*double-dagger 29 18 18 65 4 Russiadouble-dagger 19 21 27 67 5 South Koreadouble-dagger 13 9 8 30 6 Germanydouble-dagger 11 20 13 44 7 Francedouble-dagger 11 11 13 35 8 Australiadouble-dagger 8 15 12 35 9 Italy 8 9 11 28 10 Hungarydouble-dagger 8 4 6 18 11–86 Remaining 110 140 193 443 Totals (86 NOCs) 303 305 353 961 Key * Host nation (Great Britain) ‡ See subpage: Changes in medal standings Podium sweeps Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze 28 July Fencing Women's foil Italy Elisa Di Francisca Arianna Errigo Valentina Vezzali 9 August Athletics Men's 200 metres Jamaica Usain Bolt Yohan Blake Warren Weir 11 August Athletics Women's 20 kilometres walk[164] China Qieyang Shenjie Liu Hong Lü Xiuzhi Broadcasting Main article: List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters The International Broadcast Centre in June 2011 The host broadcaster was Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), an agency of the IOC. The OBS used its own cameras and crews subcontracted from other Olympic broadcasters to cover the events. The base video and audio were sold to other broadcasters, who added their own commentary and presentation. The official recording format of the 2012 Summer Olympics used Panasonic's digital technologies. The official video was produced and distributed from the International Broadcast Centre in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD would be the official recording format. OBS London used P2 HD shoulder-mount camcorders.[165] The IOC wanted television coverage to reach as broad a worldwide audience as possible, and several national and regional broadcasters covered London 2012. In the UK, the BBC carried the Olympics and Channel 4 the Paralympics. The BBC aimed to broadcast all 5,000 hours of the Games.[166] BBC Parliament's Freeview channel was suspended, BBC Three's on-air time was extended so that it could show Olympic events in the daytime, and 24 additional BBC Olympics channels were available via cable, satellite and the internet in the UK. The US television rights, owned by NBC, accounted for over half the rights revenue for the IOC.[book 1] Despite high viewership, many viewers were disappointed with NBC's coverage.[167] The operations of broadcasters granted rights to the Games were hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park. YouTube planned to stream the Games in 64 territories in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa where there were no official broadcasters.[168] In Sri Lanka a dispute occurred between Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC) and MBC Networks (MTV/MBC) as to who was the official broadcaster of the Games. This problem was caused as Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) had offered the official broadcasting rights to both networks, as both of the networks were ABU members. So SLRC filed a case against MBC Networks for broadcasting rights at the Colombo Magistrate's Court. Considering the case, the court issued a special court order preventing MBC Networks' Olympic broadcast and stated that SLRC should be the sole broadcaster.[169] However, when the Games started, both networks broadcast most of the events simultaneously. Another dispute had previously occurred between Carlton Sports Network (CSN) and SLRC, but the Sports Minister, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, had stated that SLRC had the exclusive rights.[170] Olympic Golden Rings Awards In November 2012, the IOC announced the winners of the Golden Ring Awards for the best broadcast coverage of the Games. Best Olympic Sports Production was awarded to the sailing, produced by Christopher Lincoln, Gary Milkis, and Ursula Romero. The production for the canoe/kayak slalom and the rowing/canoe sprint came second and third respectively. The award for Best On Air Promotion went to NBC with Foxtel and ZDF finishing second and third. NBC Olympics also won the Best Olympic Feature category, as Sky Italia came second and ZDF third. The Best Athlete Profile award went to TV Record's profile of Sarah Menezes, NBC came second with their profile of David Rudisha, and ESPN Latin America took third place with a profile of Miguel Correa and Ruben Rezola. The award for Best Olympic Programme went to NBC, host broadcasters the BBC took second place for Super Saturday (the middle Saturday of the Games), and third place was claimed by the Nine Network for their live coverage of Day 16 of the Games.[171] Marketing Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics marketing "Survival" by Muse was announced as the official song of the Olympics,[172] to be played by international broadcasters reporting on the Games.[173] In August 2009, the Royal Mail commissioned artists and illustrators to design 30 stamps, which were released in batches of 10 between 2009 and 2011.[174] The last ones were released on 22 July 2011.[175] Two £5 coins designed by Saiman Miah have been made to commemorate the Olympics.[176] As with other Olympics since 1952, the Royal Mint will strike a set of commemorative one-kilogram gold and silver coins.[177] Motto The official motto for the 2012 Summer Olympics is "Inspire a generation". It was chosen to highlight the organisers' commitment to inspire the world, including younger generations, to get involved in sporting events through the Games' legacy.[178] Logo and graphics There have been two London 2012 logos: one used for the bidding process, and the other used in the branding for the Games themselves. The bid logo, created by Kino Design, was a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green, and red stripes winding through the text "LONDON 2012", making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The main logo, designed by Wolff Olins and published on 4 June 2007, is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero.[179] The Paralympics logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the Wolff Olins main logo design Public reaction to the main logo in a June 2007 BBC poll was largely negative; more than 80% of votes gave it the lowest possible rating.[180] Several newspapers ran their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers,[181] and several writers from news agencies criticised the logo.[181][182] A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy, and a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website in response.[183] It was suggested that the logo resembled the cartoon character Lisa Simpson performing fellatio on her brother Bart Simpson.[184][185][186][187][188][189][190] In February 2011, Iran threatened to boycott the Olympics, complaining that the logo appeared to spell out the word "Zion". However, this boycott did not occur.[191] The official London 2012 Olympic typeface was called Headline 2012 and also suffered some criticism. Journalist Simon Garfield made it number 1 in the list of the "8 Worst Fonts in the World" in his 2010 book Just My Type, commenting that "the uncool font is based on jaggedness and crudeness", although he conceded that it was "a brilliant piece of corporate branding".[192][193] The magazine Wired pointed out that the typeface was intended for "awareness, impact and memorability as a headline typeface" rather than elegance or readability in long sections of text.[194] Colours The four main colours used in the branding of the Games were pink, blue, green, and orange. These colours were chosen to showcase the spirit of the Games: energetic, spirited, youthful, and bright. The auxiliary colours used in the branding were dark purple, grey, and gold. These were mostly used in symbols and graphics to offset the brightness of the main colours. Mascots Main article: Wenlock and Mandeville The Olympic Mascots, Mandeville (left) and Wenlock (right) The official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010.[195] Wenlock and Mandeville are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in Bolton.[195] They are named after Much Wenlock, a town in Shropshire that holds a forerunner of the current Olympic Games, and Stoke Mandeville, a village in Buckinghamshire where a forerunner of the Paralympic Games was first held.[195] The writer Michael Morpurgo wrote the story concept for the mascots, and an animation was produced.[196] Two stories have been created about the mascots: Out Of A Rainbow and Adventures On A Rainbow.[197] Creative Review magazine liked the mascots,[198] but elsewhere their design was greeted with some disdain. One columnist jested that they were the product of a "drunken one-night stand between a Teletubby and a Dalek".[199] Others have compared them to Izzy, the much disparaged mascot of the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics.[200] Still others have likened them to Kang and Kodos from The Simpsons.[201] However, the mascots' creators claim that young people find the duo appealing.[202] Chariots of Fire The 1981 Best Picture Oscar–winning film Chariots of Fire, which tells the story of two British athletes in the 1924 Olympics, was a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Olympics.[203] A digitally re-mastered version of Chariots of Fire was released on 13 July 2012 and screened in over 100 UK cinemas as part of the celebrations,[204] and a 2012 stage adaptation ran in London theatres from 9 May 2012 to 5 January 2013.[205] The film's theme tune was performed during the opening ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Simon Rattle. The performance was accompanied by a comedic skit by Rowan Atkinson, which included the opening beach-running footage from the film.[206] A new orchestration of the film's theme tune was played during each medal presentation of the Games.[207] Sponsors Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics marketing § Sponsors LOCOG and the IOC agreed sponsorship deals with several companies, each assigned to one of four categories; worldwide, tier one, tier two and tier three.[208] The worldwide partners were: Acer, Atos, Coca-Cola, Dow, General Electric, McDonald's, Omega SA, Panasonic, Procter & Gamble, Samsung and Visa.[208] Tier one partners were: Adidas, BMW, BP, British Airways, BT Group, EDF Energy and Lloyds TSB.[209] The tier two partners were: Adecco, ArcelorMittal, Cadbury, Deloitte, Thomas Cook Group, Cisco Systems and United Parcel Service.[209] Tier three partners were: Aggreko, Airwave, Atkins, The Boston Consulting Group, CBS Outdoor, Crystal CG, Eurostar, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, G4S, GlaxoSmithKline, Gymnova, Heathrow Airport, Heineken, Holiday Inn, John Lewis & Partners, McCann Worldgroup, Mondo, Nature Valley, Next, Nielsen Company, Populous (company), Rapiscan Systems, Rio Tinto (corporation), Technogym, Thames Water, Ticketmaster, Trebor and Westfield Group.[209] The companies provided £1.4 billion of funding altogether, allocated evenly between the IOC and LOCOG.[209] Controversies Main article: Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship,[210] the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed throughout the Games, even at some of the most popular events. There was speculation that this was due to a failure of corporate sponsors to make use of tickets they had received.[89] During the Games, eight competitors in the badminton women's doubles were disqualified for "not using best efforts", when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures in the knockout rounds.[211][212] A number of results in boxing, gymnastics and judo were overturned by officials after initial decisions were appealed against.[213][214][215] Ye Shiwen faced doping allegations after her gold medal in the women's 400m Individual Medley as she came from being behind the world record in the final 50m to beating it by 1.02 seconds. Furthermore, she swam her last 50m 0.17 seconds quicker than the men's winner of the corresponding race. All charges were later dropped.[216] Just before the start of the Men's 100m Final, a spectator threw a plastic bottle into Tyson Gay's lane, intended to hit Usain Bolt who was three lanes outside in Lane 7. The race was unaffected, and Bolt would go on to become the second man in history to defend a 100m Olympic title. The spectator, later identified as Ashley Gill-Webb, was soon arrested after he was struck on the head by Dutch judoka and bronze medalist Edith Bosch, whom he happened to be sitting next to.[217][218] LOCOG Chairman Sebastian Coe later stated: "I'm not suggesting vigilantism, but it was actually poetic justice that they happened to be sitting next to a judo player".[218] Gill-Webb later pleaded not guilty to a charge of using threatening words or behaviour with intent to cause harassment, alarm or distress at Stratford Magistrates' Court.[219] He was later found guilty.[220] Iran lodged a formal complaint with the International Olympic Committee after they claimed that the logo spelt the word 'Zion'.[221] The complaint was dismissed by the president of the IOC, Jacques Rogge, who said that the complaint "can't be serious."[222] Drug testing Main article: Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games § 2012 London It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games.[223] Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances.[223] As of late 2017, 31 medals have been stripped due to doping violations, 15 of which were originally awarded to Russian athletes. Testing for drugs was completed by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline).[224] See also Olympic Games portal 2012 Summer Paralympics Olympic Games celebrated in Great Britain 1908 Summer Olympics – London 1948 Summer Olympics – London 2012 Summer Olympics – London List of IOC country codes 2012 Olympic hunger summit Twenty Twelve, a comedy mockumentary featuring a fictional London Olympics committee References "Factsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 9 October 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018. "Cauldron moved into position in Olympic Stadium". London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. The IOC numbers the Olympiads using Roman numerals. "London 2012". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "Olympics schedule and results – Wednesday 25 July". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. "Olympics – Countries". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012. From the 27th of July 2012 – 204 countries will send more than 10,000 athletes to compete in 300 events "London 2012: Election". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2009. "Coe promises Olympics to remember". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2008. Athens has also hosted three IOC-organised events, in 1896, 2004 and the Intercalated Games in 1906. However, the 1906 Games are no longer officially recognised by the IOC, as they do not fit with the quadrennial pattern of the modern Olympics. Barden, Mark (26 April 2008). "London's first Olympics". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "The 1948 London Olympics Gallery". BBC History. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "Building a sustainable Games". London 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009. "Newham London: The Olympic Park". London Borough of Newham. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012. "Response to the questionnaire for cities applying to become Candidate cities to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad and the Paralympic Games in 2012" (PDF). London 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012. McCrae, Donald (1 August 2012). "Michael Phelps becomes the greatest Olympian". The Guardian. London. p. 1. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2012. Magnay, Jacquelin (11 August 2012). "London 2012 Olympics diary: three countries have failed to send any female athletes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. "London 2012 international digest — Day Six". BBC Sport. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012. "Saudis to send two women to London, make history". SI.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012. "An Olympics first: All countries sending female athletes – latimes". Articles.latimes.com. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015. "London 2012: IOC chief Jacques Rogge 'very happy' with Games". BBC News. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Waldram, Hannah (12 August 2012). "Has the Olympics changed London?". The Guardian (Olympics blog). Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Scanlan, Wayne (10 August 2012). "Buoyed by a record medal haul – and surprisingly sunny skies – the British have embraced the Olympics, turning out to live sites in droves to cheer on Team GB". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Goldsmith, Harvey; Phillips, Arlene; Quantick, David; Brown, Mick; Beard, Mary (29 July 2012). "London 2012: the experts' view of the Olympic opening ceremony". The Sunday Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Topping, Alexandra (28 July 2012). "Olympics opening ceremony: the view from abroad". The Guardian. London. p. 2. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012. "Olympic bids: The rivals". BBC Sport. 15 July 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "London bid team delighted". BBC Sport. 18 May 2004. Archived from the original on 13 March 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "Day One Of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 20 October 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2005. Oliver, Mark (6 July 2005). "London wins 2012 Olympics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. The IOC president, Jacques Rogge, announced the result at 1248BST - around an hour after it had been decided in secret. Payne, Michael. "How London really won the games". London Business School. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012. "London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 7 November 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2004. "Paris, London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 18 April 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2005. "Rogge Arrives in Singapore". International Sailing Federation. 1 July 2005. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2007. "London beats Paris to 2012 Games". BBC News. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Culf, Andrew (6 July 2005). "The party that never was: capital marks the games at last". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. "LOCOG formally established at first meeting of London 2012 Transition Board" (Press release). London Development Agency. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Lemley chairs first ODA board meeting" (Press release). London 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "2012 Olympic Games & Paralympic Games". Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Macur, Juliet; Pfanner, Eric (9 August 2011). "London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011. Foster, Peter (9 August 2011). "London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011. Jackson, Jamie (9 August 2011). "London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2011. "London is ready to host the Olympic Games as excitement builds". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012. "London 2012". Excel London. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Olympics 2012 venue guide". BBC News. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Work begins on 2012 Olympic Park". BBC News. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Osprey Quay Olympic village topping out ceremony". BBC News. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "London reveals Olympic Park plans". BBC Sport. 8 November 2004. Archived from the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "2012 Olympic Park gets go ahead". BBC News. 9 September 2004. Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Probe into Olympic land evictions". BBC News. 9 May 2006. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Assistant Producer, Building the Olympic Dream (11 March 2009). "Stratford's last stand". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Road cycling". London2012. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Essex venue to host 2012 biking". BBC Sport. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Gibson, Owen (4 October 2010). "London 2012 marathon to finish at The Mall despite East End protests". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Greenwich or Wembley?". BBC News. 17 October 2008. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Henson, Mike (15 June 2009). "Boxing chiefs voice 2012 concerns". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Wembley may stage Olympic boxing". BBC Sport. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Badminton and rhythmic gymnastics agree to London 2012 Wembley move". More than the Games. 26 May 2010. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "London 2012 test events unveiled". BBC News. 24 February 2011. "Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012" (PDF). Olympic.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012. "High-speed rail links confirmed". BBC News. 27 October 2004. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. "Extra trains planned for visitors to London 2012 venues". BBC News. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. "Eurostar 'will not stop' at Stratford International". BBC News. 25 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012. "Hackney Wick". Get Ahead of the Games. Transport for London. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012. "Pudding Mill Lane". Get Ahead of the Games. Transport for London. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012. "Thames cable car to link 2012 Olympic Games venues". BBC News. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2010. "Plans unveiled for a new Thames crossing with London's first cable car system" (Press release). Transport for London. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010. "Going for Gold: Transport for London's 2012 Olympic Games" (PDF). House of Commons Transport Committee. 8 March 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "London plan at-a-glance". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008. "Free travel plan for Olympic bid". BBC News. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. "Olympics 2012: Park and ride schemes for Dorney Lake events". BBC News. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "FirstGroup wins Olympics bus contract". BBC News. 15 February 2010. Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. "Olympic and Paralympic route network". TfL.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Beard, Matthew (15 November 2011). "Revealed: the road signs that will ban drivers from Olympic lanes". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Tuffrey, Laurie (10 July 2012). "Olympics regulations force cyclists to dismount". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012. "Chaos on the A4 as drivers try to avoid Olympics lane which is not yet in operation". Evening Standard. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018. "2012 London Olympic Games | London Chauffeur Limo Service". Panamerican Chauffeurs. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Go-ahead won for £77m relief road". BBC News. 5 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. "Weymouth Olympic relief road is opened". BBC News. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. "Olympics road plans put on show". BBC News. 24 October 2009. Gardner, Jasmine (26 July 2012). "The Olympic commute... Get ahead of the Games by bike". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012. Flyvbjerg, Bent; Stewart, Allison; Budzier, Alexander (2016). The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games. Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. SSRN 2804554. Pearman, Hugh (25 July 2012). "These Knock-Down, Shrinkable Games". The Wall Street Journal. p. D6. Retrieved 25 July 2012. "Volunteering – Making the Games happen". London 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012. Shifrin, Tash (10 February 2004). "Olympic appeal as volunteer target hit". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2012. "10 Games Maker facts". London 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012. "Volunteers training day at Wembley Stadium as they prepare for Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012. "Just the ticket". London 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2012. "London Opens Ticket Process for 2012 Olympics". ABC News. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010. ISAF (28 July 2011). "ISAF: London 2012 Olympic Games Sailing Competition: What Is The Weymouth And Portland International Regatta?". Sailing.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Adam, Karla (30 July 2012). "At London Olympics, empty seats have organizers scrambling, giving away tickets to children and soldiers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Lynn, Guy (22 May 2012). "Ukrainian Olympic official 'willing to sell tickets to black market'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012. "Olympic tickets offered to UK Armed Forces members". BBC News. 14 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. "2012 Olympic tickets for 7/7 bomb attack victims". BBC News. 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. "Olympic ticket demand passes 20m". BBC News. 27 April 2011. "750,000 Olympics tickets sold in 'second chance' round". BBC News. 3 July 2011. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. "Olympic tickets on sale in 'second chance' phase". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011. "2012 Hopefuls miss out on tickets". BBC News. 26 June 2011. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Eight minute wonder (17 June 2008). "The BBC". BBC. Archived from the original on 10 January 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2010. "1948 Olympians and 2012 hopefuls join Beijing heroes as Olympic and Paralympic flags raised at City Hall". Legacy.london.gov.uk. 26 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "London 2012 countdown clock stops in Trafalgar Square". BBC News. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Murray, Scott; Murrells, Katy (27 July 2011). "London 2012: The 'One Year To Go' Celebrations – as they happened". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. "Olympic flame lit for London Games". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012. "Manpower or mindset: Defence's contribution to the UK's pandemic response". GOV.UK. Retrieved 12 August 2021. Operation Olympics 2012 Wide-ranging support to delivery of the London Olympic "London 2012: 13,500 troops to provide Olympic security". BBC News. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Seida, Jim (19 January 2012). "Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines perform security exercises in preparation for London Olympics" . MSNBC. Booth, Robert (29 April 2012). "London rooftops to carry missiles during Olympic Games". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2012. "London Olympics 2012: MoD rooftop missile base plan alarms local residents". The Daily Telegraph. London. 29 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012. "London 2012 Olympic Games victory medals to be made by the Royal Mint". Royalmint.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "London 2012 medals deal struck for Royal Mint in Llantrisant". BBC News. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. "London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales". BBC News. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012. "Kennecott donating $7.3 million in gold, silver, bronze for Olympics". KSL.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012. "Mongolia goes for gold with London medals - Yahoo! News Singapore". Sg.news.yahoo.com. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012. "London 2012: Olympic medals locked in Tower". BBC News. 2 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012. "London 2012: Olympic medals timeline". BBC News. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. DeMarco, Anthony (26 July 2012). "London's Olympic Gold Medal Worth The Most In The History Of The Games". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012. "How much is a medal actually worth? Not as much as you'd think". Yardbarker.com. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Magnay, Jacquelin (17 May 2011). "London 2012 torch relay should focus on youth". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011. "The Olympic Torch Relay". LOCOG. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011. "London 2012 Olympic torch relay route revealed". BBC News. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011. "Dublin to host Olympic Torch". The Irish Times. Dublin. Reuters. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. "London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2011. Urquhart, Conal; Davies, Lizzy (28 July 2012). "Olympic Torchbearers who lit cauldron kept it secret from parents". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012. "New biodiversity plan sets out future for Olympic Park wildlife". London 2012. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009. "London 2012 Olympics 'to miss renewable energy target'". BBC News. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011. "Olympic Games site wind turbine scrapped". BBC News. 4 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011. "Compostable bioplastics set for big win at London Olympics". NNFCC. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011. "London 2012 seeks sustainable solutions for temporary venues". ODA. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012. "Water Polo Arena". 28 June 2012. "Televised Newslinks". PlasticsEurope. 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2010. p. 80. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011. "Cultural Olympiad". London 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012. Brown, Mark (12 March 2012). "Cultural Olympiad 2012 reaches the critical masses". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012. "London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony called 'The Isles of Wonder'". Olympics Medal Tally. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. "Underworld announced as Music Directors for the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games". Underworld. n.d. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. "Young athletes light London 2012 Olympic flame". BBC News. 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Child, Ben (2 April 2012). "London 2012: Daniel Craig to open Olympics as James Bond". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2012. Martin, Dan (6 June 2012). "Paul McCartney to close London Olympics opening ceremony". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2012. Hirst, Michael; Minard, Jenny; Jeavans, Christine (27 July 2012). "London Olympic Games opening ceremony". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012. "Weekly Top 3 Programmes w/e 29 Jul 2012". BARB. 10 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. "Closing Ceremony". London 2012. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012. "London 2012 Medal count". London2012.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2013. Hubbard, Alan (12 December 1999). "City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012. "Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session". IOC. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2011. Originally Israel had 38 participating athletes but it reduced after swimmer Jonatan Kopelev which qualified for the Olympics had to cancel his participation after removal of his appendix two weeks before the Olympics. "IOC: Kuwait to compete under own flag at Olympics". 15 July 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012. "2012 Olympic Country Houses". London Prepares. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2013. "Olympic National Hospitality Houses". LondonTown.com. Retrieved 13 November 2021. Fraser, Andrew (19 August 2005). "Shooters seek handgun law change". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012. "British government relaxes gun laws on sport ahead of 2012 Olympics". ESPN. Associated Press. 8 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2012. "Tennis: Mixed Doubles preview". NBCOlympics.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Michaelis, Vicki (8 July 2005). "Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics". USA Today. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008. "International Olympic Committee – Olympic Games". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 12 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. De Sarkar, Dipankar (6 August 2008). "London legislator heads for Beijing, wants cricket in 2012 Olympics". Thaindian News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. "Gordon Brown backs Olympic netball". Daily Express. UK. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008. "London 2012 Olympic Games schedule released". BBC News. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011. "London 2012 1500m women - Olympic Athletics". International Olympic Committee. 7 March 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017. Crouse, Karen (10 August 2012). "Kenyan Reclaims 5,000-Meter Title From Countrywoman and Rival". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Beaumont, Mark (4 February 2014). "Queen's Baton Relay: Nijel Amos, building on Olympic success". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2021. "Eyes on London: Coe hears final lap bell, UK elated over golds, Cyprus gets first medal". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 5 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2012. "Molfetta wins Olympic gold in men's plus-80K". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2012. "Grenada's Kirani James wins Olympic 400m gold". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012. "Chen wins Olympic 20 km (12 mi) walk, history for Guatemala". Eurosport Asia. 4 August 2012. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012. "Olympics handball: Norway beat Montenegro to women's gold". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012. "2012 Summer Olympics Overview". Olympedia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2019. "20 Kilometres Race Walk women|The XXX Olympic Games". World Athletics. Retrieved 31 May 2022. "Panasonic Announces 3D P2 HD Shoulder-Mount Camcorder ... for London 2012 Olympic Games" (Press release). Panasonic. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011. "Roger Mosey's Blog". BBC. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010. "Social Media Users Express Disappointment with NBC's Olympics Coverage". PBS. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. "2012 Olympics on YouTube – YouTube Help". Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013. "Olympic broadcasting rights only to Rupavahini". AdaDerana.lk. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. "BBCSinhala.com - Sandeshaya - Olympic rights 'will not be transferred'". Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. "IOC honours broadcasters for London 2012 coverage". IOC. 30 November 2012. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2019. "Muse unveil official Olympic song". BBC News. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012. "Muse song Survival unveiled as the official London 2012 Olympic theme tune". The Daily Telegraph. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012. "Welcome to Royal Mail Group". royalmailgroup.com. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Year-to-go Olympic stamps unveiled by Royal Mail". BBC News. 22 July 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. "London 2012 £5 coin design success for Midlands pair". BBC News. 14 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2012. Kennedy, Maev (23 November 2011). "Olympic one kilo coins to mark London 2012 Games unveiled". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012. "London 2012 Olympics: 'Inspire a Generation' unveiled as official slogan for Games". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. "The new London 2012 brand". London 2012. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007. "BBC poll measuring public reaction to the new London Olympics logo". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007. Cowell, Alan (6 June 2007). "British turn up their noses at London Olympics logo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Stocks, Claire (5 June 2007). "Why we should give London 2012 logo a chance". BBC Sport Editors' blog. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2010. "Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage". BBC News. 5 June 2007. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007. Glancey, Jonathan (5 June 2007). "How Lisa Simpson got ahead at the Olympics". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012. Montgomery, Angus (23 July 2012). "London 2012 design icons – the Olympic logo". Design Week. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012. Mooney, Harrison (29 July 2012). "The worst Olympics ever: the London Games looks ugly – literally". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "Was uns Londons Logo sagen will". Die Zeit (in German). 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "Zeigt Olympia-Logo Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?". Kronen Zeitung (in German). Vienna. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "Ist das Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?". tz (in German). 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "JO de Londres : la pire promotion du monde ?". France Télévisions (in French). 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "London Olympics: Iran to compete despite logo complaint". BBC News. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012. "The 8 Worst Fonts In The World". Co.Design. 2010. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012. "London 2012: 20 lesser-spotted things of the Olympics so far". BBC News. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Rhatigan, Dan; Haley, Allan (3 August 2012). "Olympic typography through the years". Wired. San Francisco. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012. Farquhar, Gordon (19 May 2010). "London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010. "The London 2012 mascots". London 2012. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010. "Home – London 2012 Mascots". Mylondon2012.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011. "Wenlock & Mandeville: London's Olympic mascots". Creative Review blog. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012. "Behold the One-Eyed Compromise Monster". Globe and Mail. Toronto. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Rhone, Nedra (21 May 2010). "Atlanta's Olympic mascot meets its ugly match". Journal & Constitution. Atlanta GA. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012. Alpert, Emily (26 July 2012). "London Olympics: Making sport of mascots Wenlock, Mandeville". Los Angeles Times blog. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. "Interview: London 2012 Olympic mascots' creator discusses their design". Digital Arts. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012. "London Fireworks 2012 – New Year Live – BBC One". Youtube.com. 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012. "Chariots of Fire returns to UK cinemas ahead of the Olympics". British Film Institute. 23 March 2012. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Ng, David (18 April 2012). "'Chariots of Fire' is West End-bound, coinciding with Olympics". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. "Mr. Bean's 'Chariots Of Fire' Skit At 2012 London Olympics Opening Ceremony". International Business Times. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012. "Olympic Song - Chariots of Fire by Vangelis". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. "Olympic Games partners | The people delivering the Games". London 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011. Rogers, Simon (19 July 2012). "London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012. Carman, Tim (18 July 2012). "McDonald's Olympian achievement in London: A French fry monopoly and largest fast-food restaurant". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. "All eight women disqualified for throwing badminton matches". NBC Olympics. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012. "Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles". BBC Sport. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. "Olympic boxing officials punished for controversial rulings". NBC Olympics. 13 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012. John, Emma (30 July 2012). "Olympics: Kristian Thomas keeps cool as Team GB grab gymnastics bronze". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012. "Farcical scenes in Japan-Korea judo quarter final". AFP. 29 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. "London 2012 Olympics: Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen cleared of doping by WADA, says Olympic chief". 31 July 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. "Man who threw bottle during men's 100 meters arrested for 'creating a public nuisance'". Yahoo! Sports. 5 August 2012. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018. "Dutch judo star 'hit bottle-thrower' in Olympic 100m final". BBC News. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018. "Olympic 100m bottle throw: Man denies public order charge". BBC News. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018. "Olympic 100m final bottle thrower Ashley Gill-Webb guilty". BBC News. 11 January 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013. "Iran Claims London Olympics Logo Is Racist". HuffPost. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2021. "IOC dismisses 'racist' logo claim". 1 March 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2021. "London 2012: All medallists to be drugs tested at Olympics". BBC News. 15 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012. "GSK doping operation". 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020. Further reading Jaworska, Sylvia; Hunt, Sally (2017). "Differentiations and intersections: a corpus-assisted discourse study of gender representations in the British press before, during and after the London Olympics 2012" (PDF). Gender and Language. 11 (3): 336–364. doi:10.1558/genl.28858. Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). "AN UPDATE ON LONDON 2012 DOPING POSITIVES". OlympStats. Mallon, Bill (18 January 2019). "ALL OLYMPIC DOPING POSITIVES – THE COUNT BY GAMES". OlympStats. Pamment, James. "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," British Journal of Politics & International Relations (2015) 17#2 pp 260–283. Surowiec, Pawel. and Philip Long. “Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The 'GREAT' Campaign.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1-28. online review https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092 Official reports LOCOG, ed. (2013). Volume 1: Summary of the bid preparation. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. London: LOCOG. Knight, Tom; Ruscoe, Sybil (2012). Volume 2: London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: the Official Commemorative Book. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-97314-0. OL 24283202W. LOCOG, ed. (2013). Volume 3: Summary of Olympic Games preparations. London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report. London: LOCOG. Book references Rosner, Scott; Shropshire, Kenneth L. (2010). The Business of Sports. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 453. ISBN 9780763780784. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2015. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2012 Summer Olympics. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for London 2012. Wikinews has related news: London to host 2012 Olympic Games Olympics organisers insist London win in 2012 ballot was fair Official "London 2012". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Official website (London2012.com) at the UK Government Web Archive (archived 28 February 2013) News media London 2012 at BBC Online 2012 Summer Olympics collected news and commentary at The Guardian 2012 London Olympics at NBC at the Wayback Machine (archived 3 July 2013) London Olympics Business at The Telegraph at the Wayback Machine (archived 14 September 2010) Summer Olympics Preceded by Beijing XXX Olympiad London 2012 Succeeded by Rio de Janeiro vte Olympic rings without rims.svg Olympic Games Ceremonies people who opened the Olympicskeepers of the Olympic flagCharterParticipating nations Summer OlympicsWinter OlympicsHost cities bidsvenuesIOC NOCscountry codesMedal medal tablesmedal table leaders by yearmedaliststiesdiplomaScandals and controversies colonialismdopingSportsSymbols torch relaysPierre de Coubertin medalWomenDeaths WWIWWIIOlympic video gamesIncentives for Olympic medalists Summer Games 1896 Athens 1900 Paris 1904 St. Louis 1908 London 1912 Stockholm 1916† 1920 Antwerp 1924 Paris 1928 Amsterdam 1932 Los Angeles 1936 Berlin 1940‡ 1944‡ 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio de Janeiro 2020 Tokyo§ 2024 Paris 2028 Los Angeles 2032 Brisbane 2036 Olympic rings Winter Games 1924 Chamonix 1928 St. Moritz 1932 Lake Placid 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1940‡ 1944‡ 1948 St. Moritz 1952 Oslo 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1960 Squaw Valley 1964 Innsbruck 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo 1976 Innsbruck 1980 Lake Placid 1984 Sarajevo 1988 Calgary 1992 Albertville 1994 Lillehammer 1998 Nagano 2002 Salt Lake City 2006 Turin 2010 Vancouver 2014 Sochi 2018 Pyeongchang 2022 Beijing 2026 Milan Cortina 2030 †Cancelled due to World War I‡Cancelled due to World War II§Postponed to 2021 due to the C-19 pandemic Ancient Olympic GamesIntercalated Games 1906Paralympic GamesYouth Olympic Games Olympic Games portal vte Olympic rings without rims.svg Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics 117th Session of the International Olympic Committee (Singapore) Elected city London Bidding cities for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Candidate cities MadridMoscowNew YorkParis Applicant cities HavanaIstanbulLeipzigRio de Janeiro vte Olympic rings without rims.svg Qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics ArcheryAthleticsBadmintonBasketball menwomenBoxingCanoeingCyclingDivingEquestrianFencingField hockey last menlast womenFootball menwomenGymnasticsHandball menwomenJudoModern pentathlonRowingSailingShootingSwimmingSynchronized swimmingTable tennisTaekwondoTennisTriathlonVolleyball indoor menindoor womenbeach menbeach womenWater polo menwomenWeightliftingWrestling vte Olympic rings without rims.svg National Olympic Committees at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom Africa AlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadComorosRepublic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the CongoDjiboutiEgyptEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonThe GambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauIvory CoastKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSão Tomé and PríncipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZambiaZimbabwe 2012 Summer Olympic games countries.svg Americas Antigua and BarbudaArgentinaArubaBahamasBarbadosBelizeBermudaBoliviaBrazilBritish Virgin IslandsCanadaCayman IslandsChileColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorGrenadaGuatemalaGuyanaHaitiHondurasJamaicaMexicoNicaraguaPanamaParaguayPeruPuerto RicoSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSurinameTrinidad and TobagoUnited StatesUruguayVenezuelaVirgin Islands Asia AfghanistanBahrainBangladeshBhutanBruneiCambodiaChinaEast TimorHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqJapanJordanKazakhstanKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLebanonMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmarNepalNorth KoreaOmanPakistanPalestinePhilippinesQatarSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSouth KoreaSri LankaSyriaChinese TaipeiTajikistanThailandTurkmenistanUnited Arab EmiratesUzbekistanVietnamYemen Europe AlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGreat BritainGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraine Oceania American SamoaAustraliaCook IslandsFijiGuamKiribatiMarshall IslandsFederated States of MicronesiaNauruNew ZealandPalauPapua New GuineaSamoaSolomon IslandsTongaTuvaluVanuatu Others Independent Olympic Athletes vte Olympic rings without rims.svg Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics (London) ArcheryAthleticsBadmintonBasketballBoxingCanoeingCyclingDivingEquestrianFencingField hockeyFootballGymnasticsHandballJudoModern pentathlonRowingSailingShootingSwimmingSynchronized swimmingTable tennisTaekwondoTennisTriathlonVolleyballWater poloWeightliftingWrestling vte Olympic rings without rims.svg Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics (London) Olympic Park Aquatics CentreBasketball ArenaCopper BoxEton ManorOlympic StadiumMedia CentreOlympic VillageRiverbank ArenaOlympic VelodromeOrbit TowerWater Polo Arena London 2012 Olympic Stadium (13 July 2012).jpg River Zone ExCeLGreenwich ParkNorth Greenwich ArenaRoyal Artillery Barracks Central Zone All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet ClubEarls Court Exhibition CentreHampton Court PalaceHorse Guards ParadeHyde ParkLord'sMarathon CourseWembley ArenaWembley Stadium Outside London Dorney LakeHadleigh FarmLee Valley White Water CentreWeymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy Football stadia City of Coventry StadiumHampden ParkMillennium StadiumOld TraffordSt James' Park vte History of London Evolution LondiniumLundenwicCity of LondonCity of WestminsterMiddlesexCounty of LondonGreater LondonTimeline Periods Roman LondonAnglo-Saxon LondonNorman and Medieval LondonTudor LondonStuart London 18th-century London19th-century London1900–1939World War II (The Blitz)1945–200021st century Events Peasants' RevoltBlack DeathGreat PlagueGreat Fire1854 cholera outbreakGreat StinkGreat Exhibition1908 Franco-British ExhibitionThe Battle of Cable StreetFestival of BritainGreat SmogCoronation of Elizabeth IISwinging LondonLondon Plan1966 FIFA World Cup FinalHyde Park and Regent's Park bombingsAnti-war protests7/7 bombingsOlympic Games (190819482012)2012 Summer ParalympicsGrenfell Tower fire C-19 pandemic Government Historic Metropolitan Board of WorksLondon County CouncilGreater London CouncilCurrent Greater London AuthorityLondon AssemblyMayor of London Politics Parties LabourConservativesLiberal DemocratsLondon independence Services Bow Street RunnersMetropolitan PoliceLondon Ambulance ServiceLondon Fire BrigadePort of London AuthorityLondon sewer systemLondon UndergroundLondon Metropolitan Archives City of London City of London CorporationLord Mayor of the City of LondonWards of the City of LondonGuildhallLivery CompaniesLord Mayor's ShowCity of London PoliceBank of England Structures St Paul's CathedralTower of LondonPalace of WhitehallWestminster HallLondon BridgeTower BridgeWestminster AbbeyBig BenThe MonumentFortifications Category Authority control Edit this at Wikidata General VIAF 1WorldCat National libraries GermanyIsraelUnited StatesCzech RepublicSweden Portals: Olympics flag United Kingdom icon London Categories: 2012 Summer Olympics2012 in British sport2012 sports events in London2012 in multi-sport eventsOlympic Games in the United KingdomSummer Olympics in LondonSummer Olympics by yearJuly 2012 sports events in the United KingdomAugust 2012 sports events in the United Kingdom
Olympic Hand Over Coin From London 2012 to Rio 2016
This silver plated coin is to commerate the Olympic Hand over from London to Rio The other side has an image of London with Tower Bridge and an image of Rio the Statue of Christ It has the words Londres 2012 and Rio 2016 with the word Brasil One Side has the Olympic Flag with the Olympic Rings
The Medal is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz.
Comes in air-tight acrylic holder
In Excellent Condition
Would make an Excellent Gift or Collectable Keepsake souvineer of the worlds most famous and greatest sporting event I have a lot of Coins on Ebay Check out my other items !
|
- Condition: In Excellent Condition
- Denomination: Commerative
- Year of Issue: 2012
- Number of Pieces: 1
- Collections/ Bulk Lots: No
- Time Period: 2000s
- Collection: Royal Mint
- Fineness: Unknown
- Features: Commemorative
- Country/Region of Manufacture: Brazil
- Modified Item: No
- Country of Origin: Great Britain
- Colour: Silver
PicClick Insights - Rio nach London alte Silbermünze Olympische Spiele Flagge 2012 Brasilien Logo 2024 Paris USA PicClick Exklusiv
- Popularität - 1 beobachter, 0.3 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 4 days for sale on eBay. Normale beobachtend. 0 verkauft, 1 verfügbar. 1 gebot.
- Bestpreis -
- Verkäufer - 33.702+ artikel verkauft. 0.2% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.
Die Leute Mochten Auch PicClick Exklusiv
World Cup 2018 Silver Coin Wolf Dog Mascot Messi Ronaldo Pele Paris 2024 France
EUR 7,01 0 Gebote 3d 6h
King Charles III Coronation Gold Coin Signed Royal Family Queen Camila
EUR 0,18 3 Gebote 3d 6h
Pele Gold Coin 3 time World Cup Winner Brazil Signed Qatar 2022 Legend Santos UK
EUR 12,52 Sofort-Kaufen 1d 4h
Jesus 10 Commandments Silver Gold Bar COA Box Coin Old Stamps Case Israel Cross
EUR 0,40 3 Gebote 3d 6h
Antique Silver Coin Medal Amber Ruby Red Window Mineral Art See Through Old USA
EUR 1,16 0 Gebote 3d 5h